Vesicoureteral Reflux Treatment by Endoscopic Injection of Bulking Agents (CPB 0534, reviewed 2026-07-30)
This Aetna clinical policy bulletin covers endoscopic injection of bulking agents for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Aetna considers injection of Deflux (dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer), Macroplastique (polydimethylsiloxane), Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene), or other FDA-approved bulking agents medically necessary for members with primary or secondary VUR who have one of the listed conditions after conservative treatment, such as prophylactic antibiotics and clean intermittent catheterization, has failed. The listed conditions are: a previously unsuccessful ureteral re-implantation; stopping medication because of drug intolerance or parental non-compliance; reflux associated with a thick-walled neuropathic bladder; deterioration of renal parameters regardless of reflux severity; lower grades of reflux (grades I to III); persistent reflux in post-pubertal female members; recurrent, poorly controlled febrile urinary tract infections; or symptomatic VUR after renal transplantation. Aetna considers these injections experimental and investigational for members who do not meet these criteria. Aetna also considers injection of autologous blood, calcium hydroxyapatite, chondrocytes, Durasphere, fat, glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine dermal collagen, myoblasts, polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid), and polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (Vantris) experimental, investigational, or unproven for VUR. Members whose condition does not improve after 3 treatment sessions are considered treatment failures, and further treatments are not considered medically necessary.