I48.0 Insurance Policy Changes

ICD-10 I48.0 is officially defined as "Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation." code I48.0 is referenced in 28 tracked payer policy changes from Excellus BlueCross BlueShield, Aetna, and 3 other payers. For billers and coders, staying current on payer-specific coverage criteria, reimbursement rules, and prior-authorization requirements for code I48.0 is critical to clean claim submission. Each entry below links to the full policy analysis with effective dates and action steps.

Excellus BlueCross BlueShield · Effective Jul 16, 2026Medium impact
Cardiac Event Monitors 2.01.03
External intermittent cardiac event monitors are medically appropriate for symptoms possibly related to rhythm disturbances (such as palpitations, or serious or significant syncope and near syncope), after an ablation, and after starting or stopping anti-arrhythmic drug therapy, when the specific criteria are met. Implantable loop recorders may be considered medically appropriate for specified indications, such as infrequent recurrent syncope, near syncope, or palpitations, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, cryptogenic stroke, and post cardiac ablation, when the criteria are met, and home-based mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry is considered not medically necessary. External monitoring to measure heart rate variability or to detect ST segment changes, and intracardiac ischemia event monitors, are investigational.
Excellus BlueCross BlueShield · Effective Jun 18, 2026Medium impact
MAZE Procedures for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter 7.01.27
Under this Excellus BlueCross BlueShield policy, Maze procedures performed on a non-beating heart during cardiopulmonary bypass are considered medically appropriate for medically refractory, chronic, symptomatic atrial fibrillation or flutter, with or without concurrent cardiac surgery. Minimally invasive, off-pump Maze procedures, including hybrid or convergent ablation, are considered investigational for atrial fibrillation or flutter. The 06/18/26 annual review left the policy intent unchanged.
Aetna · Identified Oct 7, 2026Medium impact
Brain Natriuretic Peptide Testing (CPB 0618, reviewed 2026-09-29)
Aetna considers measurement of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) medically necessary to differentiate dyspnea due to heart failure from pulmonary disease, to determine prognosis or severity in chronic heart failure, to screen for heart failure annually in adults with diabetes mellitus, to measure upon hospital admission and before discharge in acutely decompensated heart failure, for preoperative cardiac risk assessment before elevated-risk noncardiac surgery in members with known cardiovascular disease, age 65 or older, or age 45 or older with cardiovascular symptoms, and as an adjunct test for risk stratification of Stage C aortic stenosis. Serial BNP and NT-proBNP measurements and the other uses listed in the policy, such as diagnosing Kawasaki disease, are considered experimental, investigational, or unproven. CPT 83880 is covered when the selection criteria are met, except as a cardiovascular biomarker in healthy normal subjects and for identifying stress-induced myocardial ischemia.
Aetna · Identified Oct 2, 2026Medium impact
Cardiac Catheter Ablation (CPB 0165, reviewed 2026-08-25)
Aetna considers cardiac catheter ablation with electrophysiological studies medically necessary for listed atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrial tachycardia and flutter, accessory pathway, and ventricular arrhythmia indications, each with its own clinical conditions such as symptoms, drug failure or intolerance, or a high-risk accessory pathway. Pulsed field ablation is considered an equally acceptable alternative to standard radiofrequency ablation for medically necessary indications. Ablation for all other indications is considered experimental, investigational, or unproven, and so are alcohol ablation of the vein of Marshall, the AtriCure Isolator Synergy EnCompass Clamp, cardio-neuro-ablation, intra-myocardial infusion-needle catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia, non-invasive cardiac radio-ablation, and sinus node-sparing hybrid ablation.
Aetna · Identified Oct 1, 2026Medium impact
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Other Pacing/Defibrillator Treatments for Heart Failure (CPB 0610, reviewed 2026-09-18)
Aetna considers FDA-approved biventricular pacemakers (cardiac resynchronization therapy) medically necessary for members with congestive heart failure who are in sinus rhythm when either of two criteria sets is met. The first set requires NYHA class III or IV heart failure, LVEF of 35% or less, QRS duration of 150 msec or more, and an optimal pharmacologic regimen defined as 3 months of maximally titrated doses as tolerated before implantation, or being at least 40 days post myocardial infarction. The second set requires NYHA class II to IV, LVEF of 35% or less, left bundle branch block with QRS duration of 130 msec or more, and the same optimal pharmacologic regimen, or being at least 40 days post MI. Combination resynchronization-defibrillator devices are medically necessary for members at high risk for sudden cardiac death when those criteria are met and one of the listed conditions applies, and left bundle branch pacing is medically necessary when cardiac resynchronization therapy is indicated and left ventricular pacing cannot be accomplished.
Aetna · Identified Aug 18, 2026Medium impact
T-Wave Alternans (CPB 0579, reviewed 2025-09-08)
Aetna considers microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) diagnostic testing using the spectral analytic method medically necessary for evaluating persons at risk of sudden cardiac death who meet criteria for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement. MTWA testing is experimental, investigational, or unproven for other indications, including diagnosis and risk assessment of acute coronary syndrome, guidance of anti-arrhythmic therapy, and evaluation of the adequacy of medical therapy. CPT 93025 is covered if selection criteria are met, but it is not covered for the diagnosis and risk assessment of acute coronary syndrome or for guiding anti-arrhythmic therapy.
Aetna · Identified Aug 18, 2026Medium impact
Holter Monitors (CPB 0019, reviewed 2026-03-13)
Aetna considers Holter monitoring medically necessary for diagnostic evaluation of adult members with listed conditions, including palpitations, syncope or near syncope, unexplained dizziness, and possible or documented long QT syndrome, and for asymptomatic congenital complete atrioventricular block in pediatric patients. Holter monitoring is considered experimental, investigational, or unproven for all other indications because its effectiveness for those indications has not been established. CPT codes 93224, 93225, 93226 and 93227 are covered if the selection criteria are met.
Aetna · Identified Aug 17, 2026Medium impact
ADAMTS13 Assay for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) (CPB 0780, reviewed 2026-04-27)
Aetna considers the ADAMTS13 assay medically necessary for assessing prognosis in persons with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and for distinguishing hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA, also called transplant-associated TMA) from TTP in persons with overlapping features when the test will be used to inform treatment. Aetna considers the assay experimental, investigational, or unproven for the uses it lists because of insufficient evidence, including sepsis-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic uremic syndrome, acute myelogenous leukemia, colorectal cancer survival, COVID-19, cerebral infarction, and ADAMTS13 mutation testing for non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Aetna · Identified Aug 17, 2026Medium impact
Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker (CPB 0893, reviewed 2025-12-22)
Aetna considers FDA-approved leadless cardiac pacemakers, such as the Micra and Aveir systems, medically necessary when the member has symptomatic paroxysmal or permanent high-grade atrioventricular block, symptomatic bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome, or sinus node dysfunction (sinus bradycardia or sinus pauses), and also has a significant contraindication that precludes placement of conventional single chamber ventricular pacemaker leads. The listed contraindications are a history of an endovascular or cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infection or high risk for infection, limited access for trans-venous pacing, and the presence of a bio-prosthetic tricuspid valve. Aetna considers leadless pacemakers experimental, investigational, or unproven for all other indications, and considers a leadless pacemaker combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy, or with a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for prevention of sudden cardiac death, experimental, investigational, or unproven.
Aetna · Identified Aug 17, 2026Medium impact
Maze Procedure (CPB 0225, reviewed 2026-06-29)
Aetna considers the Maze procedure, performed with cardiopulmonary bypass on a beating heart, medically necessary for members with atrial fibrillation or flutter who are undergoing heart surgery. The Maze procedure for all other indications, and minimally invasive off-pump Maze procedures (including the hybrid Maze and the Convergent hybrid procedure, also known as thoracoscopic off-pump surgical ablation), are considered experimental, investigational, or unproven. Post-operative endocardial electrophysiology studies, 24-hour Holter monitors, exercise stress tests and color-flow Doppler evaluations are considered not routinely medically necessary for post-operative evaluation unless the member's signs and symptoms clinically indicate them.
Aetna · Identified Aug 15, 2026Medium impact
Renal Sympathetic Nerve Ablation (CPB 0847, reviewed 2025-12-18)
Aetna considers microwave, radiofrequency, or ultrasound ablation of the renal sympathetic nerve experimental, investigational, or unproven for hypertension, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic kidney-related pain and chronic renal failure; the list is not all-inclusive. Transurethral renal pelvic denervation using radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation of the renal sympathetic nerve are experimental, investigational, or unproven for hypertension and all other indications. The CPT codes 0338T, 0339T and 0935T and the ICD-10 codes listed in the policy are not covered for the indications listed in the policy.
Aetna · Identified Aug 15, 2026Medium impact
Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) (CPB 0262, reviewed 2026-05-14)
Aetna considers EECP medically necessary for chronic stable angina as a single course of 35 treatment hours (CPT 92971 or HCPCS G0166) for members with disabling Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class III or IV angina who are refractory to maximum medical therapy and not readily amenable to PTCA or cardiac bypass. A repeat course is medically necessary when the member still meets the single-course criteria, prior EECP produced a sustained improvement (a greater than 25% reduction in anginal frequency or an improvement of one or more anginal classes), and at least three months have elapsed since the prior treatment. Hydraulic versions of these devices are considered not medically necessary, and EECP is considered experimental, investigational or unproven for conditions such as heart failure, erectile dysfunction, stroke, long COVID, microvascular angina and restless leg syndrome.
Aetna · Identified Aug 15, 2026Medium impact
Celiac Disease Laboratory Testing (CPB 0561, reviewed 2026-08-03)
Serological testing for IgA anti-human tissue transglutaminase (TTG), IgG and IgA deamidated gliadin (DGP), and IgA anti-endomysial (EMA) antibodies is medically necessary as a preliminary diagnostic test for persons with symptoms suggestive of celiac disease, to monitor response to a gluten-free diet, to screen first-degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease, and to screen persons with type 1 diabetes. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genetic testing is medically necessary for listed situations, including seronegative persons with equivocal small bowel histology findings (Marsh I-II), evaluation of persons on a gluten-free diet in whom no serologic testing was performed before starting it, and persons with Down syndrome. Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) and anti-reticulin antibody (ARA) testing, the Prometheus Celiac Plus Panel, and HLA genotyping for screening persons with type 1 diabetes are experimental, investigational, or unproven.
Aetna · Identified Aug 15, 2026Medium impact
Cardiac Catheter Ablation (CPB 0165)
Aetna considers catheter ablation with electrophysiological studies medically necessary for atrial fibrillation, AVNRT, atrial tachycardia and atrial flutter, accessory pathways, and ventricular arrhythmias when the listed criteria are met, such as symptomatic AF when antiarrhythmic drugs have been ineffective, contraindicated, not tolerated or not preferred. Aetna considers catheter ablation for all other indications experimental, investigational or unproven. The policy also lists alcohol ablation of the vein of Marshall, the AtriCure Isolator Synergy EnCompass Clamp, cardio-neuro-ablation for carotid sinus hypersensitivity syncope, intra-myocardial infusion-needle catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia, non-invasive cardiac radio-ablation, and sinus node-sparing hybrid ablation as experimental, investigational or unproven. Pulsed field ablation is considered an equally acceptable alternative to standard radiofrequency ablation for medically necessary indications.
Aetna · Identified Aug 15, 2026Medium impact
Cardiac Devices and Procedures for Occlusion of the Left Atrial Appendage (CPB 0791, reviewed 2026-06-25)
Aetna's Clinical Policy Bulletin 0791 covers percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation only when the device has FDA premarket approval for its FDA-approved indication, the member meets the listed criteria, and LAAC is used as second-line therapy after oral anticoagulants. Surgical left atrial appendage ligation is covered for members with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc score of at least 2 who are undergoing open heart surgery and will continue long-term anticoagulation after surgery. Exclusion of the appendage alone during open heart surgery, the AtriClip device, and percutaneous closure with any device other than the Amplatzer Amulet and Watchman are listed as experimental, investigational, or unproven.
Aetna · Identified Aug 15, 2026Medium impact
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Other Pacing/Defibrillator Treatments for Heart Failure (CPB 0610, reviewed 2025-12-02)
Aetna considers FDA-approved biventricular pacemakers (cardiac resynchronization therapy) medically necessary for members with congestive heart failure who are in sinus rhythm when either NYHA class III or IV with LVEF less than or equal to 35%, QRS duration greater than or equal to 150 msec, and an optimal pharmacologic regimen of 3 months of maximally titrated doses as tolerated before implantation are met, or at least 40 days post myocardial infarction; or when NYHA class II to IV with LVEF less than or equal to 35%, left bundle branch block with QRS duration greater than or equal to 130 msec, and the same regimen or at least 40 days post MI are met. Aetna considers combination resynchronization-defibrillator devices medically necessary for members at high risk for sudden cardiac death when those criteria are met and at least one of the following applies: at least 1 episode of cardiac arrest from ventricular tachyarrhythmias, recurring poorly tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia, a prior heart attack with documented non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and an inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia, or a prior heart attack with LVEF less than or equal to 30%. Aetna considers left bundle branch pacing medically necessary when cardiac resynchronization therapy is indicated and left ventricular pacing cannot be accomplished, and considers biventricular pacing for atrial fibrillation, mild heart failure (NYHA class I), and anti-bradycardia pacing, wireless left ventricular endocardial pacing, His bundle pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy, the galectin-3 test, and implantable diaphragmatic stimulation (VisCardia's VisONE system) experimental, investigational, or unproven.
Aetna · Identified Aug 14, 2026Medium impact
Prothrombin Time (INR) Home Testing Devices (CPB 0173, reviewed 2026-03-20)
Aetna clinical policy bulletin 0173 considers prothrombin time (INR) home testing units medically necessary durable medical equipment for patients on chronic warfarin for a mechanical heart valve, ventricular assist device, chronic atrial fibrillation, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, venous embolism and thrombosis of deep vessels of the lower extremity, or hypercoagulable states, when the expected need for home INR testing is 6 or more months, the patient has been anticoagulated for at least 3 months before using the device, and self-testing does not occur more than once a week. Aetna considers the units experimental, investigational, or unproven for all other indications, including arterial embolism to the eye, atrial flutter, and Kawasaki disease.
Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi · Identified Jun 20, 2026Medium impact
Open and Thoracoscopic Approaches to Treat Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter (Maze and Related Procedures)
BCBSMS considers the maze or modified maze procedure, performed on a non-beating heart during cardiopulmonary bypass with concomitant cardiac surgery, medically necessary for the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation or flutter. Stand-alone minimally invasive, off-pump maze procedures, including those done via mini-thoracotomy, are considered investigational, as is hybrid ablation (a combined percutaneous and thoracoscopic approach). An open maze or modified maze performed on a non-beating heart during cardiopulmonary bypass without concomitant cardiac surgery is also considered investigational.
Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi · Identified Jun 20, 2026Medium impact
Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure with an FDA-approved device, such as the Watchman or Amplatzer Amulet, may be considered medically necessary to prevent stroke in individuals with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation when they have an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism by CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc score, systemic anticoagulation is recommended, and the long-term risks of systemic anticoagulation outweigh the risks of device implantation. Individuals who do not meet these criteria are considered investigational for FDA-approved devices, and other left atrial appendage closure devices, including the Lariat and Amplatzer Cardiac Plug, are considered investigational for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. The balance of risks and benefits is determined on an individual basis.
Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi · Identified Jun 20, 2026Medium impact
Catheter Ablation as Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation
Transcatheter radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation or pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation may be considered medically necessary for symptomatic paroxysmal or symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation that has failed to respond to adequate trials of antiarrhythmic medications, or as an alternative to atrioventricular nodal ablation and pacemaker insertion in individuals with class II or III congestive heart failure and symptomatic atrial fibrillation. It may also be considered medically necessary as an initial treatment for recurrent symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (more than 1 episode, with 4 or fewer episodes in the previous 6 months) when a rhythm-control strategy is desired, and repeat ablation may be considered for recurrence of atrial fibrillation or development of atrial flutter following the initial procedure. Ablation for atrial fibrillation that does not meet these criteria is considered investigational.
Blue Cross of Idaho · Identified Jun 19, 2026Medium impact
One-to-One for Healthcare Professionals - Fall Edition
Blue Cross of Idaho scheduled the third phase of its claims processing system update for January 1, 2024, moving Individual and government lines, including Medicare Advantage, Medicare Supplement, MMCP and Idaho Medicaid Plus, to the Gemstone system, and Legacy will be sunset by the end of 2026. Effective October 1, 2023, bariatric surgery was changed to not medically necessary for individuals with a BMI less than 35 kg/m2 who do not have diabetes and for all individuals with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2. Effective October 1, 2023, the codes 33254, 33255, 33256, 33258, 33265 and 33266 were configured as Experimental/Investigational for an open or modified maze procedure performed on a non-beating heart during cardiopulmonary bypass without concomitant cardiac surgery.
Independence Blue Cross · Effective Apr 1, 2026Low impact
MA08.021c, Dofetilide (Tikosyn®) Use in the Inpatient Setting
This is a reissue with no substantive changes to Independence Blue Cross Medicare Advantage policy MA08.021c regarding dofetilide (Tikosyn®) coverage in inpatient settings. The policy maintains existing coverage criteria for AF/AFL conversion and maintenance therapy, with required 3-day minimum inpatient stay and continuous ECG monitoring. No billing workflow changes are required.
Independence Blue Cross · Effective Apr 1, 2026Low impact
08.00.49f, Dofetilide (Tikosyn®) Use in the Inpatient Setting
Independence Blue Cross reissued policy 08.00.49f with no substantive changes to dofetilide (Tikosyn®) coverage for inpatient use. The policy maintains coverage for AF/AFL conversion and NSR maintenance when initiated/escalated/reinitiated in an inpatient setting with continuous ECG monitoring for minimum 3 days, and continues to exclude paroxysmal AF as not medically necessary.
Independence Blue Cross · Identified Jun 19, 2026Low impact
MA11.013c, Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Closure for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF)
This is a reissue with no substantive changes to Independence Blue Cross Medicare Advantage policy MA11.013c regarding percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure for non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The policy confirms Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) eligibility for patients enrolled in CMS-approved clinical studies and requires Modifier Q0 with CPT 33340 for billing investigational services. No new coverage or billing requirements have been implemented.
Independence Blue Cross · Identified Jun 19, 2026Low impact
MA11.060h, Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Independence Blue Cross reissued Medical Policy MA11.060h on 06/10/2026 as part of their annual review process with no substantive coverage changes. CPT code 93656 narrative was revised effective 01/01/2025 due to annual CPT code updates. The policy continues to cover catheter ablation for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias under specified medical necessity criteria for Medicare Advantage members.
Independence Blue Cross · Identified Jun 19, 2026Low impact
MA11.060h, Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Independence Blue Cross reissued MA11.060h (now superseded by MA11.060i) as part of their annual review process on 06/10/2026. This is a routine policy reissuance with no substantive changes to coverage criteria for catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. A CPT code update (93656) was processed effective 01/01/2025, but the policy itself maintains existing coverage requirements for supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.
Independence Blue Cross · Identified Jun 19, 2026Low impact
11.02.26c, Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
This is a reissue with no substantive changes to policy 11.02.26c regarding percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure devices for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. The policy continues to cover FDA-approved devices (Watchman and Amplatzer Amulet) as medically necessary when specific stroke and bleeding risk criteria are met. No changes to billing codes, coverage criteria, or documentation requirements have been made in this reissue.
Independence Blue Cross · Identified Jun 19, 2026Low impact
11.02.26c, Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
This is a reissue with no substantive changes to Independence Blue Cross policy 11.02.26c regarding percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure devices for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. The policy continues to cover FDA-approved devices (Watchman and Amplatzer Amulet) when specific stroke risk, bleeding risk, and clinical criteria are met. No new billing codes, coverage modifications, or documentation requirements have been introduced in this reissue.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What insurance policy changes affect code I48.0?

There are 28 tracked policy changes affecting code I48.0, including updates from Excellus BlueCross BlueShield, Aetna, Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi. Each change may modify coverage criteria, reimbursement rates, or prior-authorization requirements.

Which payers have updated policy for code I48.0?

Payers that have issued tracked updates for code I48.0 include: Excellus BlueCross BlueShield, Aetna, Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi, Blue Cross of Idaho, Independence Blue Cross.

How do I get notified when code I48.0 policy changes?

Create a free account at PolicyChanges.app and save a search filtered to code I48.0. You will get an email when new policy changes reference this code: daily or weekly, your choice, on every plan.

Why do payers change policies for code I48.0?

Payers revise policies for individual billing codes to align with updated clinical guidelines, CMS rule changes, fraud and abuse prevention measures, or network cost-management goals. Changes can affect medical necessity criteria, place-of-service restrictions, bundling rules, or whether a code requires prior authorization.

All billing codes J3590 C9399 J3490 99215 99213 99202

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Cardiac Event Monitors 2.01.03

MAZE Procedures for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter 7.01.27

Brain Natriuretic Peptide Testing (CPB 0618, reviewed 2026-09-29)

Cardiac Catheter Ablation (CPB 0165, reviewed 2026-08-25)

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Other Pacing/Defibrillator Treatments for Heart Failure (CPB 0610, reviewed 2026-09-18)

T-Wave Alternans (CPB 0579, reviewed 2025-09-08)

Holter Monitors (CPB 0019, reviewed 2026-03-13)

ADAMTS13 Assay for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) (CPB 0780, reviewed 2026-04-27)

Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker (CPB 0893, reviewed 2025-12-22)

Maze Procedure (CPB 0225, reviewed 2026-06-29)

Renal Sympathetic Nerve Ablation (CPB 0847, reviewed 2025-12-18)

Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) (CPB 0262, reviewed 2026-05-14)

Celiac Disease Laboratory Testing (CPB 0561, reviewed 2026-08-03)

Cardiac Catheter Ablation (CPB 0165)

Cardiac Devices and Procedures for Occlusion of the Left Atrial Appendage (CPB 0791, reviewed 2026-06-25)

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Other Pacing/Defibrillator Treatments for Heart Failure (CPB 0610, reviewed 2025-12-02)

Prothrombin Time (INR) Home Testing Devices (CPB 0173, reviewed 2026-03-20)

Open and Thoracoscopic Approaches to Treat Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter (Maze and Related Procedures)

Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

Catheter Ablation as Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation

One-to-One for Healthcare Professionals - Fall Edition

MA08.021c, Dofetilide (Tikosyn®) Use in the Inpatient Setting

08.00.49f, Dofetilide (Tikosyn®) Use in the Inpatient Setting

MA11.013c, Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) Closure for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF)

MA11.060h, Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias