Periureteral Bulking Agents as a Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux
Periureteral bulking agents may be considered medically necessary as a treatment of vesicoureteral reflux grades II, III, or IV when medical therapy has failed and surgical intervention is otherwise indicated. The use of bulking agents as a treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in other clinical situations is considered investigational. Bulking agents are contraindicated in individuals with nonfunctioning kidney(s), Hutch diverticuli, active voiding dysfunction, and ongoing urinary tract infection.