Varicocele: Selected Treatments (CPB 0413, reviewed 2026-06-30)
Aetna considers percutaneous embolization (by balloon or metallic coil) or ligation medically necessary for varicocele when any of these apply: adolescents with grade 2 or 3 varicoceles associated with ipsilateral testicular growth retardation, males with infertility problems who have decreased sperm motility and lower sperm concentrations, post-surgical (ligation) recurrence of varicoceles, or scrotal pain associated with varicoceles. Embolization or ligation for persons who do not meet these criteria is considered experimental, investigational, or unproven, and microsurgical varicocelectomy is considered an acceptable alternative when any of these criteria is met. Adding a sclerosant agent to coil embolization, endoluminal occlusion devices such as the ArtVentive system, endovenous laser ablation of the spermatic vein, surgical treatment for subclinical varicocele, and varicocelectomy for non-obstructive azoospermia are considered experimental, investigational, or unproven.