Colonoscopy, Colorectal Cancer Screening, and Related Procedures (CPB 0516, reviewed 2026-08-20)
Aetna Clinical Policy Bulletin 0516 sets the coverage rules for colonoscopy, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and related procedures. For average-risk members aged 45 and older whose physician recommends screening, Aetna considers medically necessary colonoscopy every 10 years, CT colonography every 5 years, annual FIT or FOBT, flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years (or every 10 years when combined with an annual FIT or FOBT), and stool DNA tests (FIT-DNA, Cologuard, Cologuard Plus) every 1 to 3 years. Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy is considered medically necessary as frequently as every 2 years for members with specified high-risk factors, and surveillance is considered medically necessary as frequently as every year for inflammatory bowel disease or a personal history of CRC and every 2 years for a personal history of adenomatous polyps. Aetna considers double contrast barium enema not medically necessary for screening, high-risk testing, surveillance and diagnostic testing, and considers AI-aided colonoscopy, Guardant Shield, and several other blood, stool and imaging-based screening methods experimental, investigational or unproven.